Hormesis and Oxidative Distress: Pathophysiology of Reactive Oxygen Species and the Open Question of Antioxidant Modulation and Supplementation

A Little Oxidation Strengthens You—Too Much Wears You Down

The article explains that reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be both helpful and harmful: at low levels they support normal signaling and protective responses, but when they exceed antioxidant capacity they cause oxidative damage linked to aging, inflammation, metabolic disease, neurodegeneration, and cancer. The authors note that antioxidant supplements often show inconsistent or harmful effects because strengthening antioxidant defenses can also help tumors survive and resist therapy. Increasing oxidative stress can improve cancer treatment sensitivity but risks damaging healthy cells. They conclude that redox‑based therapies are highly context‑dependent and must be precisely personalized.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36009331/